1. 수평 추력 Horizontal Thrust
F_H = P × (π × D_H² / 4) [N → kN]
2. 수직 추력 Vertical Thrust
A_V = π × D_V² / 4
W_fluid = ρ × A_V × L_V [kg]
F_v_fluid = P_V × A_V [N]
F_V = (V_PW + W_fluid) × g/1000 + F_v_fluid/1000 [kN]
3. 볼트 프리텐션 Bolt
F_bolt = T / (K × d) [N]
F_s = (f × z × F_bolt) / (π × 1000) [kN]
F_sp = (P × B × D × h₁) / (2(h₁+h₂) × z) / 1000 [kN]
4. 클램프 용량 Capacity
Plate Shear = F_v × f_y × B × t × 1000 [kN/plate]
(F_v: 전단계수, f_y: 항복강도 MPa, B·t: m)
MS-275 → f_y=275, F_v=0.4 → 전단허용 110 MPa
Cap = Plate Shear × 2 × z [kN]
PASS: F_thrust < Cap AND F_bolt_total < V_bolt
5. 참조 규격 Reference Codes
| 코드 | 내용 |
| EN 1993-1-8 | Eurocode 3 — 볼트 설계 |
| AISC 360-16 | 볼트 전단/인장 |
| ISO 898-1 | Class 8.8 metric bolts |
| BS 5950 / KS B 0233 | Steel plate shear |
| API 5L / ASME B31.3 | Pressure piping |
| VDI 2230 | Bolted joint design |